how are simple tissue different from Complex tissue in plants

Difference between simple tissue and complex tissue :-
Simple tissue :-

1.  simple tissue are made of one type of tissues.
2. Example of these tissue are Parenchyma, Collenchymas, Sclerenchyma.

Complex tissue :-

1. Complex tissue are made of more than one type of tissue.
2. Example of of these tissue are Xylem and phloem

how many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue

Xylem is made of four principal elements :-

1. Tracheids
2. Xylem vessels
3. Xylem fibre
4. Xylem parenchyma

define the term tissue

The group of cells with similar function and origin is called as tissue

diagram of a plant cell

diagram of animal cell

what are the three principal functional areas of a cell

A cell has three principal function area which are following :-

1. Cell membrane - cell membrane is made of lipids and protein. It provides mechanical safety to cell organelles. It covers cytoplasma and nucleus from outer side.
2. Nucleus - the oval or circular structure found in the centre of a cell is called as nucleus. There is a two layered membrane around the nucleus. It is called as nuclear membrane. It separates the cytoplasm.

It is through nuclear membrane that substance of nucleoplasm are transferred.
Main components of nucleus are given below -

• Chromatin - chromatin is found near nuclear membrane in the nucleus. It is like a network of fibrils. It mainly contains DNA.
• Centriole - it contains RNA.

1. Cytoplasma - the remaining part of cell expect nucleus contains a matter called as cytoplasm. It contains different cell organelles. These cell organlless perform different works.

how is a prokaryotic cell different from a Eukaryotic cell

Difference between prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell :-
Prokaryotic cell :-

1.  the size of prokaryotic sale remains small.
2.  the nuclear area contains chromatin only and it is usually called cyton.
3. It has single chromosome.
4. It does not contain membrane-bound cell organlless.

Eukaryotic cell :-

1. The size of Eukaryotic cell usually remail big. 
2. The nuclear area is wale clear and it is surrounded by nuclear membrane.
3. It has more chromosome in pairs.
4. It contains membrane-bound cell  organlless.

compare plant and animal cells

Plant cells :-

1. A plant cell has a cell wall of cellulose.
2. A plant cell contain chloroplasts.
3. A plant cells contains bigger vacuoles.

Animal cells :-

1.  animal cell does not contain cell wall.
2. Animal cell Donor contain chloroplast.
3. Animal cells contain centrosome.

what are similarities between Plant cell and Animal cell

 similarities between plant cell and animal cell
Plant cell

1.  It contains nucleus
2. It contains lysosome
3.  It contains plasma membrane
4. It contain Golgi apparatus
5.  it contains nuclear membrane.

Animal cell

1.   It also contains nucleus.
2.  it also contains lysosome.
3.  it also contains plasma membrane.
4. It also contains golgiaparatus.
5.  it also it also contains nuclear membrane.

what is osmosis

The  movement of water molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration through the same-permeable membrane is called as Osmosis. the movement of water molecules depend on substance dissolved in water

how does an Amoeba obtain its food

 unicellular organism. its cell contents vacuoles.one of these vacuoles is food vacuole. It remains filled with food. Through this amoeba gets its food.

where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesised?

Inside endoplasmic reticulum.

which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?why?

 mitochondria is called as energy plant of a cell. In mitochondria energy produced which accumulated in the form of ATP. This energy is utilised in various type of activities. Hence, mitochondria is called as energy plant of powerhouse of the cells.

what would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus

 Golgi body transfer substance inside and outside cell. This activity will stop in the absence of Golgi body. Lysosome will not be formed. Synthesis of many enzyme and hormone will stop and wastage will not be excrete out. All this will shorten the life of the cell.

what would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down

 plasma membrane is on outer covering of cell which separates internal matter of a cell from external environment. Its nature is Semi permeable. If it brusts, the internal matter of the cell be mixed with the external environment.thus, selective work of the cell will be stopped leading to death of the cell

why are lysosomes known as suicide bags

 when the cell damaged, lysosome me brushed and the enzyme digest their own cell. Therefore, lysosome are also known as the suicide bag of the cell.

if the organisation of is cell is destroyed due to some physical or chemical influence, what will happen

At that time the cell will become a unable to perform most of its basic functions like respirations, nutrition, extraction and synthesis of protein. It will lead to disruption of all the other process causing death of the cell.

can you name the two organelles we have studied that contain their own genetic materials

Yes,

1. mitochondria ,
2. plastid.

why the plasma membrane called a selectively permeable membrane?

 the plasma membrane allow certain substance to pass through but do not allow other substance to do this. This is why plasma membrane is called so.

how do substance like carbon dioxide and water move in and out of the cell? discuss.

 when the concentration of carbon dioxide goes high inside the cell, it goes out through the process of diffusion, when the concentration of carbon dioxide from the external environment start going into the sale due to the same process.
 the molecules of the molecules of water pass from high concentration to low concentration due to Osmosis through the semipermeable membrane of the cell

write function one each of Mitochondria lysosome and chloroplast

Microchondria- it is active place of cellular respiration.
Lysosome- it is digests Mega particles that reach into cells.
Chloroplast- it causes green colour of leaves and stems

differentiate among chloroplast chromosome and leucoplast

 chloroplast :-  these are mainly found in leaves. These causes green colour of leaves and stems.
Chromosome :- these are fine fibre like a structure found in the nucleus of each cell. Chromatin gets transformed into chromosome during cell division. Chromosome contain many genes responsible for hereditary characters.
Leucoplast :- these are colourless. These are usually oval bar shaped and fibrous. These are found in the cells of fruit tubers corms and rhizomes. These Store nutrients.

what is peroxisomes

These are small sac covered by membranes. These contain strong oxidative enzymes which are mainly found in linear cells. Some of these enzymes remove toxic substance.

write a note on lysosome

These are sacs covered with single layer of membrane. These sacs contain digestive enzymes that digest big particles reaching into the cell. It washes out bacteria and virus also. If if by some reason a lysosome brusts the hydrolytic enzymes content inside come out and get scared in the cytoplasm dissolve all the cell organelles. It kills the cell due to which it is also called as sucidal bag of the cell.

write a note on plastids

Plastids are found only in plant cell. most of the plastids contain pigment containing pigments.their walls are made up of double membrane but do not contain crystals like structures, plastids have been classified into three categories for many different works.

1. leucoplast which collects water droplets.
2. chromoplasts have different colours.they offer colour to flowers and fruits.
3.  chloroplast has green colour. it is responsible for food production through photosynthesis.

difference between ribosome and centrosome

Difference between ribosome and centrosome :-
Ribosomes :-

1. These are fine granular spherical structures.
2. This synthesise protein from amino acids.
3. These are made of RNA and proteins.
4. These are attached to Endoplasmic reticulum.

Centrosome :-

1. These are microscopic transparent bodies.
2. Each centrosome contains fine rays.
3. These are found in animal cell.
4. These are located outside nucleus.

what are the functions of the plasma membrane

 plasma membrane is found in animal and plant cells. Following are its functions :-

1. It encircles all the internal material of a cell.
2.  it provides shape to a cell.
3. It allows different substance to go out and come into the cell.
4. It contain cell nucleus inside.
5. It also helps in transport.

name both the nucleic acids found in a Cell what do they do

The nucleic acid found in a Cell are -

1. DNA- this is responsible for storing genetic information and transferring them from one generation to another generation.
2. RNA -  this is helpful in protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.

what is Gene write about its functions

Gene is a segment of DNA. This remain linearly arrange along the length of chromosomes. A gene is functional unit of a chromosome a single gene may be responsible for many cellular activities

distinguish between plasma membrane and cell wall

Difference between plasma membrane and cell wall :-
Plasma membrane :-

1. This is living and made of Plasma protein.
2.  this is found in both the plant and animal cells.
3. This is permeable.
4. This is soft and Elastic.

Cell wall :-

1. This this is made of cellulose with maybe living or dead.
2.  this is found only in plant cells.
3. This is semi permeable.
4. This is hard.

differentiate chromatin chromatid and chromosome from each other

Chromatin :-  chromosome remain closed and constructed when Sel division does not take place in a Cell. The constricted from is called as chromatin.
Chromatid :-  a chromosome form to half filaments after getting divide in a perpendicular which is called as chromatid each chromatid remain attached to cebtromere.
Chromosome :- it is thin fibre like structure found in the the centre of each cell. At the time of cell division it is transformed into chromosome. Chromosome contains different genes which are responsible for genetic characters.

what is prokaryotic cell

The cell without a well defined nucleus having no nuclear membrane and other cytoplasmic inclusion is called as prokaryotic cell.

what is a Eukaryotic cell

The cell having a well defined nucleus with Nicolas membrane and cytoplasm containing cell organelles is called as Eukaryotic cell. Plants and animal are made of this type of cells.

what are three main functional areas of cell

Three main functional areas of a cell are :-

1. Cell membrane
2. Nucleus
3. Cytoplasm

name any three sale organelles

1. Endoplasmic reticulum
2. Golgi Apparatus
3. Lysosome

why is the cell called the structural and functional unit of life

All the living beings are made of cells. Cells are fundamental unit of life. Living cell has the capacity of performing fundamental functions. Hence it is called as a structural and functional unit of life.

who discovered cells and how

 Robert hook for the first time discovered a sale in 1665 he saw honey comb like Chambers in a thin slice of cork he name these Chambers as cells.

mention high yielding hybrid varieties of cow

Karan Swiss
Kuran fries
Friesian Sawal

name two cow of Exotic varieties

Jersey of England
Brown Swiss of Switzerland

name any two Indian variety of cow and buffalo

 Indian varieties of cow:- red Sindhi Sahiwal
Indian varieties of Buffalo :-  Murray, Mehsana, Surti

name high yielding exotic varieties of hen

White leghorn, Rhode island red

what are too high yielding varieties of hens

B77 and IBL 80

name non varieties of hens in India produced through hybridization

IBL 80 and B 77 hens that lay 200 eggs in a year

name varieties of indigenous hens

Adel and Busra

why is H-H-260 called so

Because it produce 260 eggs in a year

name two varieties of cows

Sahiwal and Holstein

name any two varieties of fish found in freshwater

Katla and Rohu

name two classes of cattle feed

Roughage and Concentrates

which viral disease affect cow

Foot and mouth disease

what are the pathogen that causes disease in animal

Virus, bacteria, fungi, etc

name the varieties of cow developed through hybridization

Jersey, Sahiwal, Karan Swiss,Friesian,Holstein

name two HYV of groundnut

Kaushal,M-37,G.G.-11

name three HYV of mustard

Kranti,R.H.-30,PoosaAgrani

name two high yielding variety of maize

Vikram, Shakti, Navjot

name two high yielding variety of paddy

Poosa Basmati-1,Vikas, Kasturi

mention one example of annual crop rotation

Maize-wheat

write expanded form of HYV

High yielding varieties

write name of a disease of pigeon pea plant

Steam rot

write name of a disease common with gram

Root-rot

write name of disease common with the sugarcane crop

Red rot of sugercane and Grassy shoot

write name of disease common with the wheat crop

Rust disease

write name of a disease common with the crop of paddy

Blast

name any two fumigants that are effective in killing insects

Ethylene dibromide
Aluminium phosphide

name two bio pesticides

DDT and bhc

what should be the percentage of moisture during harvesting

Not more than 14 %

mention two methods of applications of pesticides

Fumigation and spray

name non Biological agent that damage food grains

 humidity temperature changes in moisture

name those biological agents that harm our grains

 rats Birds cattle worm insect and microbes

what is hybridization

 the process through to which two different plants are pollinated artificial e to produce a new plant it is called as hybridization

what is mixed cropping

 cropping two or more crops in a field in a particular season is called as mixed cropping example wheat with barley or pea.

what are source of nutrients

Water air and soil

name three micronutrients of soil

Nitrogen photoshoot and potassium

what is crop rotation

Cropping pattern in which corps of grains and legumes are Grown alternatively in a cyclic Manner is called as crop rotation

what is crop improvement

 improvement is crop productivity through scientific method and development of high yielding varieties is called as crop improvement

how is ozone layer beneficial to us

 Ozone Layer acts as umbrella of the earth and protects it form ultraviolet radiation which is very harmful to life

which gas has been increased in quantity due to blind depletion of trees and plants

 carbon dioxide

name water pollutants

 calcium in water magnesium heavy metals while detergents microwaves domestic wastage radiological wastage etc

what are the respiratory disease that are caused due to air pollution

Asthma bronchitis lung cancer and pneumonia

what happens due to soil erosion

Through soil erosion the upper layer of soil is washed away by rain or wind

what is soil

 a a complex mixture of biological and abiotic substances which holds plants and provides then Nourishment is called as soil

write expanded form of CFC

 chlorofluorocarbon

write expanded form of DDT

Dichloro Diphenyl Trichoroethane

which gases are responsible for the acid rain

 Sulphur and nitrogen

name two substances that are recycled

Cow dung and paper

name two Natural sources of air pollution

Two Natural sources of air pollution are:-
Forest fires and pollen grains floating in air

what is pollutant

Substance or factors that cause undesirable changes in the physical chemical and biological characteristics of air water and soil are called as pollutants

define pollution

 undesirable changes in the physical chemical and biological characteristics of air water and soil is called as environmental pollution

mention one major to check soil erosion

Plantation and growing grass

name two greenhouse gases

 Methane and carbon dioxide

what is Bio-Geo-chemical cycle

 the cyclic flow of nutrients between abiotic and biotic environment is called as bio Geo chemical cycle.

write two causes of water pollution

Application of insecticide pesticides and herbicides on crop plants.
Flow of industrial  wastage into water of river and sea

mention two factors that pollute the air

Automobile exhaust and poisonous gases emitted from internal combustion engine

what is ground water level

 the Depth inside the earth where all the soil pore space remaining filled with water, is called as ground water level

name two principal gases components of atmosphere

 nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%)

mention two example of non renewable source of energy

Coal and petroleum

mention two example of renewable source of energy

Wood, water, solar energy

name two Non Biodegradable source of nature

Air and water

Neem some degradable natural resource

Minerals, Oil, Petroleum, forest, etc

what will be the impact of increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in atmosphere one the average temperature of the earth

The temperature of earth will go up

what is importance of stratosphere

This zone contains Ozone layer which protects the Earth from ultraviolet Ray of the Sun

what is the importance of troposphere

 the atmospheric oxygen is found in this zone

name different zone of atmosphere

1.  troposphere
2.  stratosphere
3.  mesosphere 
4. thermosphere

what is atmosphere

The spherical area around the earth is called as atmosphere

due to scarcity of the secretion of which hormone does diabetes occur

Insulin

write name of such a disease are transmitted to offspring from patient

Haemophilia

what type of disease are syphilis and gonorrhoea

Sexual disease

which disease is caused due to scarcity of vitamin A

Night blindness

Anthrax, an animal disease is caused by which organism

Bacillus anthracis bacteria

which one is the causal organism of Cholera -bacteria or fungus

 bacteria

which disease is caused due to iron deficiency

Anaemia

what are the disease caused due to protein deficiency

Marasmus, kawasheorkor

which bacteria causes typhoid

Salmonella typhi

who discover T.B.

Robert carch

bite of which animal causes hydrophobia or rabies

 dog, monkey, cat

for which disease hepatitis-B vaccine is given

 anaemia and liver infection

write name of the disease cause anaemia

Viral infection

write name of the disease caused due to scarcity of Iodine

Goiter

which mineral is essential for the secretion of thyroxine hormone

Iodin

which milk is best for children and why

Mother's milk, because it contains all the essential nutrients

scarcity of which vitamin causes Berry Berry

 vitamin B

what is the reason of night blindness

Deficiency of vitamin A

what disease are caused due to deficiency of the iron element

Anaemia

what disease are caused due to deficiency of the calcium

Rickets

what disease are caused due to deficiency of the protein

Kwashiorkor

in which animal is rabies found

 dogs, cats, bats

what is the reason of skin-diseases

 infection infection by fungi and bacteria

name two disease caused due to protozoa

1. Malaria
2. Kala-azar

name any one bacterial disease

Tuberculosis

what is another name of rabies

Hydrophobia

name a vehicle generated disease

Typhoid

what is the vector of malaria

 female Anopheles mosquito

what is the meaning of AIDS

 a syndrome which is caused due to deficiency of immune system of body

which organism cause malaria

Plasmodium a protozoa

why does the rickets occur in children

Due to deficiency of calcium Phosphorus and Vitamin D

name the vitamin the deficiency of which cause Pellagra

Vitamin B Niacin

Beri Beri is a deficiency disease deficiency of which vitamin causes it

Vitamin B thiamine

deficiency of which mineral cause goitre

Iodine

against which disease is the Vaccine of BCG applied

Tuberculosis

what is the full form of BCG

Bacille Calmette Guerin

name of two disease related to PEM

1. Kwashiorkor
2.  Marasmus

what is the full form of PEM

 protein energy malnutrition

what is expanded form of HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus

name the virus covering AIDS

HIV

what is the full form of AIDS

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

what is the meaning of infection of a disease

 starting a disease in the body of a living being

by whom are infection disease caused

Pathogens

define health

 health is the condition of health is the condition of mental physical and social welfare and not alone the freedom from disease